World Happiness Report 2023 101 37 O f course, we need to remove GDP per capita from the Pillars of Prosperity Index here to see the relationship between state effectiveness and income in the top-left panel of Figure 3.7. 38 Arguably this is not too surprising if common states look after the needs of their citizens to a point where private donations are less necessary. In the online appendix, we consider an alternative measure of (perceived) generosity: whether citizens believe a lost wallet would be returned to them by a neighbor, stranger, or the police. For example, donation rates are low in Finland, but citizens are highly likely to expect lost wallets to be returned. With this measure of generosity, we find a strong positive correlation with state effectiveness as in the other panels of Figure 3.7. 39 We do not include these figures in the chapter but they are available in the online appendix.
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