World Happiness Report 2023 42 Figure 2.2: Happiness gaps between the top and bottom halves of each country’s population, 2020-2022 (Part 2) Notes: Standard errors for happiness gaps (and the associated rank confidence intervals) in Figure 2.2 are computed by nonparametric bootstrap with 500 replications. Those with a * do not have survey information in 2022. Their averages are based on the 2020 and 2021 surveys. Happiness gap 95% confidence interval 1 1.1 1.2 1.35 1.5 1.65 1.8 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.3 3.6 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 8 9 31 Canada 2.867 32 Kyrgyzstan 2.889 33 Slovenia 2.924 34 United States 2.935 35 Czechia 2.949 36 Greece 3.046 37 Slovakia* 3.105 38 Mongolia 3.118 39 Malta 3.145 40 Japan 3.164 41 Armenia 3.173 42 Kazakhstan 3.229 43 Chile 3.238 44 Cyprus 3.272 45 Korea, Republic of 3.274 46 Uruguay 3.288 47 Congo, Republic of 3.300 48 Cambodia 3.303 49 Hungary 3.313 50 Georgia 3.335 51 Lao People's Democratic Republic* 3.336 52 Bolivia 3.354 53 Portugal 3.394 54 Romania 3.403 55 Russia 3.410 56 Croatia 3.424 57 Philippines* 3.432 58 Bulgaria 3.451 59 Moldova 3.455 60 Tunisia 3.464 61 Mauritius 3.515 62 Ukraine 3.520 63 Sri Lanka* 3.553 64 Indonesia 3.580 65 Argentina 3.584 66 Iran 3.597 67 Saudi Arabia 3.634 68 Egypt 3.640 69 Thailand 3.650 70 Costa Rica 3.659 71 Malaysia* 3.676 72 Myanmar* 3.679 73 South Africa* 3.684 74 China* 3.685 75 Mexico 3.686 76 Lebanon 3.718 77 Madagascar 3.764 78 North Macedonia 3.783 79 Togo 3.787 80 Uzbekistan 3.801 81 Nigeria* 3.803 82 Gabon 3.808 83 Peru 3.843 84 Bosnia and Herzegovina* 3.843 85 United Arab Emirates 3.845 86 Paraguay 3.856 87 Serbia* 3.889 88 Brazil 3.917 89 Palestine, State of 3.920 90 Montenegro* 3.935 91 Bahrain* 3.945 92 Ethiopia 3.945 93 Ecuador 3.963 94 Ghana 3.971 95 Iraq* 3.971 96 Morocco 4.009 97 Benin 4.073 98 Türkiye* 4.104 99 Kosovo 4.119 100 Venezuela 4.143 101 Albani 4.204 102 Bangladesh 4.220 103 Colombia 4.224 104 The Gambia 4.229 105 Niger 4.230 106 El Salvador 4.266 107 Jamaica 4.267 108 Burkina Faso* 4.268 109 Zimbabwe 4.281 110 Guinea 4.316 95% c.i. for rank 13-41 95% c.i. for rank 13-43 95% c.i. for rank 15-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 24-52 95% c.i. for rank 26-56 95% c.i. for rank 28-56 95% c.i. for rank 30-59 95% c.i. for rank 32-59 95% c.i. for rank 27-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 36-67 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 32-76 95% c.i. for rank 36-73 95% c.i. for rank 36-72 95% c.i. for rank 36-74 95% c.i. for rank 33-80 95% c.i. for rank 36-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 39-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-81 95% c.i. for rank 37-85 95% c.i. for rank 38-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-89 95% c.i. for rank 41-90 95% c.i. for rank 41-95 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 95% c.i. for rank 46-93 95% c.i. for rank 47-96 95% c.i. for rank 47-96 95% c.i. for rank 47-96 95% c.i. for rank 49-96 95% c.i. for rank 47-99 95% c.i. for rank 45-99 95% c.i. for rank 47-99 95% c.i. for rank 52-96 95% c.i. for rank 51-97 95% c.i. for rank 54-97 95% c.i. for rank 49-105 95% c.i. for rank 56-102 95% c.i. for rank 54-104 95% c.i. for rank 56-104 95% c.i. for rank 54-106 95% c.i. for rank 56-105 95% c.i. for rank 61-104 95% c.i. for rank 58-108 95% c.i. for rank 62-104 95% c.i. for rank 62-106 95% c.i. for rank 61-109 95% c.i. for rank 63-109 95% c.i. for rank 60-115 95% c.i. for rank 57-118 95% c.i. for rank 61-116 95% c.i. for rank 61-116 95% c.i. for rank 66-113 95% c.i. for rank 66-113 95% c.i. for rank 63-116 95% c.i. for rank 68-116 95% c.i. for rank 74-122 95% c.i. for rank 74-123 95% c.i. for rank 77-122 95% c.i. for rank 78-123 95% c.i. for rank 80-125 95% c.i. for rank 82-125 95% c.i. for rank 85-125 95% c.i. for rank 77-126 95% c.i. for rank 77-126 95% c.i. for rank 86-125 95% c.i. for rank 81-126 95% c.i. for rank 78-126 95% c.i. for rank 88-125 Estimate of rank Country Gap 1 Afghanistan 1.672 2 Netherlands 1.787 3 Finland 1.917 4 Iceland 2.107 5 Belgium 2.202 6 Sweden 2.276 7 Israel 2.339 8 Denmark 2.349 9 Luxembourg 2.374 10 France 2.500 11 Norway 2.521 12 New Zealand 2.536 13 Tajikistan* 2.594 14 Switzerland 2.604 15 Italy 2.609 16 Ireland 2.616 17 Spain 2.653 18 Austria 2.653 19 Germany 2.682 20 Vietnam 2.706 21 United Kingdom 2.717 22 Australia 2.719 23 Estonia 2.726 24 Hong Kong S.A.R. 2.776 25 Lithuania 2.795 26 Latvia 2.799 27 Singapore 2.802 28 Algeria* 2.816 29 Taiwan Province of China 2.823 30 Poland 2.857 31 Canada 2.867 32 Kyrgyzstan 2.889 33 Slovenia 2.924 34 United States 2.935 35 Czechia 2.949 36 Greece 3.046 37 Slovakia* 3.105 38 Mongolia 3.118 39 Malta 3.145 40 Japan 3.164 41 Armenia 3.173 42 Kazakhstan 3.229 43 Chile 3.238 44 Cyprus 3.272 45 Korea, Republic of 3.274 46 Uruguay 3.288 47 Congo, Republic of 3.300 48 Cambodia 3.303 49 Hungary 3.313 50 Georgia 3.335 51 Lao People's Democratic Republic* 3.336 52 Bolivia 3.354 53 Portugal 3.394 54 Romania 3.403 55 Russia 3.410 56 Croatia 3.424 57 Philippines* 3.432 58 Bulgari 3.451 59 Moldova 3.455 60 Tunisia 3.464 61 Mauritius 3.515 62 Ukraine 3.520 63 Sri Lanka* 3.553 64 Indonesia 3.580 65 Argentina 3.584 95% c.i. for rank 1-2 95% c.i. for rank 1-3 95% c.i. for rank 2-4 95% c.i. for rank 3-9 95% c.i. for rank 4-9 95% c.i. for rank 4-13 95% c.i. for rank 4-14 95% c.i. for rank 4-16 95% c.i. for rank 4-22 95% c.i. for rank 6-26 95% c.i. for rank 6-27 95% c.i. for rank 7-26 95% c.i. for rank 6-35 95% c.i. for rank 8-32 95% c.i. for rank 7-33 95% c.i. for rank 8-32 95% c.i. for rank 9-33 95% c.i. for rank 9-33 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 10-37 95% c.i. for rank 12-37 95% c.i. for rank 12-36 95% c.i. for rank 10-39 95% c.i. for rank 11-40 95% c.i. for rank 13-38 95% c.i. for rank 13-40 95% c.i. for rank 13-41 95% c.i. for rank 13-43 95% c.i. for rank 15-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 24-52 95% c.i. for rank 26-56 95% c.i. for rank 28-56 95% c.i. for rank 30-59 95% c.i. for rank 32-59 95% c.i. for rank 27-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 36-67 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 32-76 95% c.i. for rank 36-73 95% c.i. for rank 36-72 95% c.i. for rank 36-74 95% c.i. for rank 33-80 95% c.i. for rank 36-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 39-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-81 95% c.i. for rank 37-85 95% c.i. for rank 38-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-89 95% c.i. for rank 41-90 95% c.i. for rank 41-95 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 World Happiness Report 202 Figure 2.2 Happiness gaps between the top and bottom halves of each country's population, 2020-2022 Estimate of rank Country Gap 1 Afghanistan 1.672 2 Netherlands 1.787 3 Finland 1.917 4 Iceland 2.107 5 Belgium 2. 02 6 Sweden 2. 76 7 Israel 2.3 9 8 Denmark 2.349 9 Luxembourg 2.374 10 France 2.50 1 Norway 2.521 12 New Zeal nd 2.536 13 Tajik stan* 2.594 14 Switzerland 2.604 15 Italy 2.609 16 Ireland 2.616 17 Spain 2.653 18 Austria 2.653 19 Germany 2.682 20 Vietnam 2.706 21 United Kingdom 2.717 2 Australia 2.719 23 Estonia 2.726 24 Hong Kong S.A.R. 2.7 6 25 Lithuania 2.795 26 Latvia 2.79 27 Singapore 2.802 28 Algeria* 2.816 29 Taiwan Province of China 2.823 30 Poland 2.857 31 Canada 2.867 32 Kyrgyzstan 2.8 9 3 Slovenia 2.924 34 United States 2.935 35 Czechia 2.949 36 Gre ce 3.046 37 Slovakia* 3.105 38 Mongolia 3.1 8 39 Malta 3.145 40 Japan 3.164 41 Armenia 3.173 42 Kazakhstan 3.2 9 43 Chile 3.238 4 Cyprus 3.272 45 Korea, Republic of 3.274 46 Uruguay 3.28 47 Congo, Republic of 3. 0 48 Cambodia 3. 03 49 Hungary 3. 13 50 Georgia 3. 5 51 Lao People's Democratic Republic* 3. 6 52 Boliv a 3. 54 53 Portugal 3. 94 54 Romania 3.403 5 Russia 3.410 56 Croatia 3.424 57 Phil p ines* 3.432 58 Bulgar a 3.451 59 Moldova 3.45 60 Tunis a 3.464 61 Maurit us 3.515 62 Ukraine 3.520 63 Sri Lanka* 3.5 3 64 Indonesia 3.580 65 Argentina 3.584 95% c.i for ank 1-2 95% c.i for ank 1-3 95% c.i for ank 2-4 95% c.i for ank 3-9 95% c.i for ank 4-9 95% c.i for ank 4-13 95% c.i for ank 4-14 95% c.i for ank 4-16 95% c.i for ank 4-2 95% c.i for ank 6-26 95% c.i for ank 6-27 95% c.i for ank 7-26 95% c.i for ank 6-35 95% c.i for ank 8-32 95% c.i for ank 7-3 95% c.i for ank 8-32 95% c.i for ank 9-3 95% c.i for ank 9-3 95% c.i for ank 9-35 95% c.i for ank 9-35 95% c.i for ank 9-35 95% c.i for ank 9-35 95% c.i for ank 9-35 95% c.i for ank 10-37 95% c.i for ank 12-37 95% c.i for ank 12-36 95% c.i for ank 10-39 95% c.i for ank 1 -40 95% c.i for ank 13- 8 95% c.i for ank 13-40 95% c.i for ank 13-41 95% c.i for ank 13-43 95% c.i for ank 15-43 95% c.i for ank 18-43 95% c.i for ank 18-43 95% c.i for ank 24-52 95% c.i for ank 26-56 95% c.i for ank 28-56 95% c.i for ank 30-59 95% c.i for ank 32-59 95% c.i for ank 27-63 95% c.i for ank 36- 3 95% c.i for ank 36- 3 95% c.i for ank 36- 8 95% c.i for ank 36- 7 95% c.i for ank 36- 8 95% c.i for ank 32-76 95% c.i for ank 36-73 95% c.i for ank 36-72 95% c.i for ank 36-74 95% c.i for ank 3 -80 95% c.i for ank 36-76 95% c.i for ank 37- 8 95% c.i for ank 37- 8 95% c.i for ank 39-76 95% c.i for ank 37-81 95% c.i for ank 37-85 95% c.i for ank 38- 4 95% c.i for ank 41-84 95% c.i for ank 41-84 95% c.i for ank 41-89 95% c.i for ank 41-90 95% c.i for ank 41-95 95% c.i for ank 4 -93 95% c.i for ank 4 -93 orld Happines Report 2023 Figure 2.2 Hap ines gaps betwe n the top and bottom halves of each country's population, 2020-202 Estimate of rank Country Gap 1 Afghanistan 1.672 2 Netherlands 1.787 3 Finland 1.917 4 Iceland 2.107 5 Belgium 2.202 6 Sweden 2.276 7 Israel 2.339 8 Denmark 2.349 9 Luxembourg 2.374 10 France 2.500 11 Norway 2.521 12 New Zealand 2.536 13 Tajikistan* 2.594 14 Switzerland 2.604 15 Italy 2.609 16 Ireland 2.616 17 Spain 2.653 18 Austria 2.653 19 Germany 2.682 20 Vietnam 2.706 21 United Kingdom 2.717 22 Australia 2.719 23 Estonia 2.726 24 Hong Kong S.A.R. 2.776 25 Lithuania 2.795 26 Latvia 2.799 27 Singapore 2.802 28 Algeria* 2.816 29 Taiwan Province of China 2.823 30 Poland 2.857 31 Canada 2.867 32 Kyrgyzstan 2.889 33 Slovenia 2.924 34 United States 2.935 35 Czechia 2.949 36 Greece 3.046 37 Slovakia* 3.105 38 Mongolia 3.118 39 Malta 3.145 40 Japan 3.164 41 Armenia 3.173 42 Kazakhstan 3.229 43 Chile 3.238 44 Cyprus 3.272 45 Korea, Republic of 3.274 46 Uruguay 3.288 47 Congo, Republic of 3.300 48 Cambodia 3.303 49 Hungary 3.313 50 Georgia 3.335 51 Lao People's Democratic Republi * 3.336 52 Bolivia 3.354 53 Portugal 3.394 54 Romania 3.403 55 Russia 3.410 56 Croatia 3.424 57 Philippines* 3.432 58 Bulgar a 3.451 59 Moldova 3.455 60 Tunisia 3.464 61 Mauritius 3.515 62 Ukraine 3.520 63 Sri Lanka* 3.553 64 Indonesia 3.580 65 Argentina 3.584 95% c.i. for rank 1-2 95% c.i. for rank 1-3 95% c.i. for rank 2-4 95% c.i. for rank 3-9 95% c.i. for rank 4-9 95% c.i. for rank 4-13 95% c.i. for rank 4-14 95% c.i. for rank 4-16 95% c.i. for rank 4-22 95% c.i. for rank 6-26 95% c.i. for rank 6-27 95% c.i. for rank 7-26 95% c.i. for rank 6-35 95% c.i. for rank 8-32 95% c.i. for rank 7-33 95% c.i. for rank 8-32 95% c.i. for rank 9-33 95% c.i. for rank 9-33 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 9-35 95% c.i. for rank 10-37 95% c.i. for rank 12-37 95% c.i. for rank 12-36 95% c.i. for rank 10-39 95% c.i. for rank 11-40 95% c.i. for rank 13-38 95% c.i. for rank 13-40 95% c.i. for rank 13-41 95% c.i. for rank 13-43 95% c.i. for rank 15-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 18-43 95% c.i. for rank 24-52 95% c.i. for rank 26-56 95% c.i. for rank 28-56 95% c.i. for rank 30-59 95% c.i. for rank 32-59 95% c.i. for rank 27-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-63 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 36-67 95% c.i. for rank 36-68 95% c.i. for rank 32-76 95% c.i. for rank 36-73 95% c.i. for rank 36-72 95% c.i. for rank 36-74 95% c.i. for rank 33-80 95% c.i. for rank 36-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 37-78 95% c.i. for rank 39-76 95% c.i. for rank 37-81 95% c.i. for rank 37-85 95% c.i. for rank 38-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-84 95% c.i. for rank 41-89 95% c.i. for rank 41-90 95% c.i. for rank 41-95 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 95% c.i. for rank 44-93 World Happiness Report 2023 Figure 2.2 Happiness gaps be ween the top and bot m h lves of each country's pop lation, 2020-2022
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