56. “Foreword” in Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE), European Central Bank, 2022, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/space/html/ecb.spacereport202212~783ffdf46e. en.html#:~:text=Cash%20was%20the%20dominant%20means,apps%2C%20increased%20in%20P2P%20payments. 57. The White House, Technical Possibilities for a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency [Press release], 16 September 2022, https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2022/09/16/technical-possibilities-for-a-u-s-central-bank-digitalcurrency/ . 58. The White House, FACT SHEET: President Biden to Sign Executive Order on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets [Press release], 9 March 2022, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/09/ fact-sheet-president-biden-to-sign-executive-order-on-ensuring-responsible-innovation-in-digital-assets/. 59. New York Innovation Center, Project Cedar Phase One Report, 2022 www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/nyic/ project-cedar-phase-one-report.pdf. 60. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York Fed and Monetary Authority of Singapore Publish Results of Joint Wholesale Cross-Border Payments Research Study [Press release], 18 May 2023, https://www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/news/ financial-services-and-infrastructure/2023/20230518. 61. “Digital currencies and fintech: projects”, Bank of Canada, n.d., https://www.bankofcanada.ca/research/digital-currenciesand-fintech/fintech-experiments-and-projects/. 62. Chiu, Jonathan, Seyed Mohammadreza Davoodalhosseini, Janet Jiang and Yu Zhu, “Bank Market Power and Central Bank Digital Currency: Theory and Quantitative Assessment”, Journal of Political Enonomy, vol. 131, no. 5, 2023, www. journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/722517?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dIgFVzqEKL2gl9wRK0jzLsx5kC4jSo1TAPgVVwPd52M1686464499-0-gaNycGzNDFA. 63. Ibid. 64. Whited, Tony M., Yufeng Wu and Kairong Xiao, Will Central Bank Digital Currency Disintermediate Banks?, 2022, https:// papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4112644. 65. Kiff, J., J. Alwazir, S. Davidovic, A. Farias et al., A survey of research on retail central bank digital currency, IMF, 2022. 66. BIS, Central bank digital currencies: foundational principles and core features, 2020, www.bis.org/publ/othp33.pdf. 67. GOV.uk, Public Policy Principles for Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), 2021, https://assets.publishing.service. gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1025235/G7_Public_Policy_Principles_for_Retail_ CBDC_FINAL.pdf. 68. BIS, Options for access to and interoperability of CBDCs for cross-border payments, 2022, www.bis.org/publ/othp52.pdf. Central Bank Digital Currency Global Interoperability Principles 40
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